# Pagination Standards {#pagination-standards}


All list-based endpoints across MQUAD microservices follow a unified pagination contract.


## Request Parameters {#request-parameters}


| Parameter | Type | Default | Description |
|-----------|------|---------|-------------|
| `skip` | integer | 0 | Number of records to skip (0-based) |
| `limit` | integer | 20 | Maximum records per page (max: 100) |


## Response Format {#response-format}


```json
{
  "items": [],
  "total": 100,
  "skip": 0,
  "limit": 20,
  "has_next": true,
  "has_previous": false
}
```

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `items` | array | The page of results |
| `total` | integer | Total matching records across all pages |
| `skip` | integer | Current offset |
| `limit` | integer | Current page size |
| `has_next` | boolean | More pages available after this one |
| `has_previous` | boolean | Previous pages exist before this one |


## Implementation {#implementation}


```python
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import Generic, TypeVar, List

T = TypeVar("T")

class PaginatedResponse(BaseModel, Generic[T]):
    items: List[T]
    total: int
    skip: int
    limit: int
    has_next: bool
    has_previous: bool

def paginate(query, skip: int, limit: int, total: int) -> PaginatedResponse:
    return PaginatedResponse(
        items=query,
        total=total,
        skip=skip,
        limit=limit,
        has_next=(skip + limit) < total,
        has_previous=skip > 0,
    )
```


## Usage {#usage}


```bash
# First page
GET /responses?skip=0&limit=20

# Second page
GET /responses?skip=20&limit=20
```


## Frontend Integration {#frontend-integration}


The pagination format is designed to work with the `AdvanceTable` component:

```typescript
interface PaginatedResponse<T> {
  items: T[];
  total: number;
  skip: number;
  limit: number;
  has_next: boolean;
  has_previous: boolean;
}
```

All services use this standard. The generic `items` field simplifies frontend integration regardless of resource type.